A court is any institution, often a government entity, with the practical authority to adjudicate legal disputes and carry out justice in civil, criminal, or administrative matters in accordance with the law. It typically consists of judges or other judicial officers and may be established and dissolved by legislation or constitution. Courts are central to the operation of a legal system, as they resolve legal disputes and ensure that individuals, businesses, and governments are treated equally under the law.
The Supreme Court of the United States, for example, is the highest court in the country and is responsible for interpreting and applying federal law, as well as ensuring that all citizens have equal access to courts. The Supreme Court is composed of nine justices, who are appointed by the President and confirmed by Congress for life terms. Justices are lawyers who have a deep understanding of the law and are often former circuit court judges.
Courts hear a wide variety of cases, from simple divorce or child support issues to complex environmental or public health challenges. They are often held in large courtrooms, and in addition to the judge or jurors, they may include other judicial or quasi-judicial personnel, such as hearing masters or conference officers. In recent years, some courts have experimented with holding their hearings via virtual means, which can be more convenient for litigants and their loved ones who must balance work, school, or caregiving responsibilities while still meeting court deadlines. However, these hearings have raised concerns about lack of accessibility to the courts, as well as potential health and environmental impacts.